This recombinant protein product features a stable and soluble fragment (residues 42-523) of the human mitochondrial nondiscriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EARS2. This fragment is optimized for structural and biochemical studies, supporting research into mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation and protein translation mechanisms.

EARS2 functions as a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the aminoacylation of both mitochondrial tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln), playing a critical role in mitochondrial protein synthesis. The enzyme activates glutamate with ATP to form Glu-AMP before transferring it to the acceptor ends of tRNA molecules. Located in the mitochondrial matrix, EARS2 is essential for maintaining mitochondrial translation fidelity, with in vitro studies showing minimal activity on cytoplasmic tRNA(Gln). This protein's involvement in RNA aminoacylation underscores its importance in cellular energy production and mitochondrial function.