Discovered in 2008 (see the ref), this peptide is rich in lysines (38%). NA-CATH is predominantly alpha-helical in SDS and TFE (Dean S et al., 2011a). Active against Gram- and Gram+ bacteria (A. actinomycetemcomitans, E. coli, F. novicida, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus) (Amer L et al., 2010;de Latour F et al., 2010; Dean S et al., 2011a;Dean S et al., 2011b) at concentrations < 1 µM). NA-CATH has low toxicity against host cells (de Latour F et al., 2010). It also has anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus (Dean S et al., 2011a). These studies also showed that small 11-aa peptide variants based on a repeated pattern within NA-CATH (KR(F/A)KKFFKK(L/P)K) have similar antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity to the parent peptide, but not when proline is present (de Latour F et al., 2010; van Hoek M, 2014). Updated and written by Monique L. van Hoek 5Jan2015; 2/2015. NA-CATH has Antimicrobial activity. The source of NA-CATH is Naja atra.