Latarcin 1 is a cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) composed of 26 amino acid residues with a net charge of +10. It is derived from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi and exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The peptide adopts an α-helical conformation, which is crucial for its interaction with microbial membranes and subsequent antimicrobial effects. Latarcin 1 has been shown to possess both antibacterial and anticancer properties, making it a molecule of interest in the study of host defense peptides.

Structural studies reveal that Latarcin 1's mode of action involves membrane permeabilization, leading to cell death. The peptide's high positive charge and amphipathic nature facilitate its binding to negatively charged microbial membranes. Its three-dimensional structure and hydrophobicity profile are key determinants of its membrane activity. Latarcin 1's ability to disrupt membrane integrity while exhibiting low cytotoxicity to host cells underscores its potential as a template for designing novel antimicrobial agents.

• Ahmad Z, Okafor F, Azim S, Laughlin TF. ATP synthase: a molecular therapeutic drug target for antimicrobial and antitumor peptides. Curr Med Chem. 2013;20(15):1956-73. doi: 10.2174/0929867311320150003. PMID: 23432591; PMCID: PMC4734648.

三氟乙酸（Trifluoroacetic acid，简称 TFA）是高效液相色谱（简称 HPLC）纯化过程中常用的反离子。TFA 的存在可能会对肽的净重量、外观及溶解度产生影响，具体如下：

对净重量的影响：TFA 盐会增加产物的总质量。在大多数情况下，肽的含量占总重量的 80% 以上，剩余部分则为 TFA。

对溶解度的影响：TFA 盐通常能提高肽在水溶液中的溶解度。

在生物检测中的影响：对于大多数标准的体外检测，残留的 TFA 水平一般不会造成干扰。但需注意，在高灵敏度的细胞研究或生化研究中，需关注其存在可能带来的影响。

干品多肽的重量中不仅仅包含多肽，还包含有一些非肽的组份，如水、被吸收的溶剂、配位离子和盐等。肽的净含量是指肽在其中的重量百分比，这个百分比的数值范围很大，可能从50%到90%，取决于纯度、序列以及合成和纯化的方法，不要将肽的净含量和肽的纯度混为一谈，他们是两个完全不同的概念。纯度通常是通过HPLC测定的。纯度定义的是多肽样品中含正确序列的组分的百分比，而肽的净含量是指样品中肽类物质相对于总物质所占的百分比，肽的净含量通常是氨基酸组分分析或紫外分光法测定的，这个信息主要是在一些对肽的浓度很敏感的实验中，对计算肽的浓度是很重要的。